Characterization of functional groups and crystal structure of activated carbon from ketapang fruit biomass using FTIR and XRD

Alifah Naira Soraya, Iwan Nugraha Gusniar, Nidya Chitraningrum, Irma Apriyani, Hana Arisesa, Ahmad Fudholi

Abstract


This study investigates the functional group characteristics and crystal structure of activated carbon derived from ketapang fruit waste (Terminalia catappa) chemical activation with ZnCl2 at a pyrolysis temperature of 600°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Characterization was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of O–H, C=C, C–H, and C–O functional groups, indicating the retention of oxygen-containing surface groups alongside the formation of aromatic carbon structures characteristic of activated carbon. XRD patterns exhibited broad diffraction peaks at 2θ ≈ 24° – 26° and 2θ ≈ 43° – 45°, corresponding to the (002) and (100) crystallographic planes of carbon, confirming a predominantly amorphous structure with limited graphitic ordering. These findings demonstrate that ketapang fruit biomass is a promising precursor for producing activated carbon with well-developed surface chemistry and structural properties suitable for further development as a functional material.

Keywords


Activated carbon; FTIR; ketapang fruit; XRD; ZnCl2

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.23.1.53-58

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