Electromagnetic characterization of diamond-shaped metamaterial structures using a 4×4 array at ultra-wideband frequencies

Defrianto Defrianto, Erwin Kurnia, Saktioto Saktioto, Tengku Emrinaldi, Feby Nur Sakinah, M Ikhsan, Yan Soerbakti

Abstract


Metamaterials are artificially engineered media exhibiting electromagnetic properties not found in natural materials, such as negative permittivity, negative permeability, and negative refractive index. This study analyzes a diamond-shaped split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial structure arranged in 1×1, 2×2, 3×3, and 4×4 arrays and characterized across the ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range of 0.09 – 10 GHz. Numerical simulations were performed using CST Studio Suite 2019 to obtain S-parameters, followed by extraction of effective material parameters—permittivity, permeability, and refractive index—using the Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method. The results reveal strong multi-frequency resonances with clear epsilon-negative (ENG), mu-negative (MNG), double-negative (DNG), and epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) behaviors. The 4×4 array demonstrates the smoothest and most homogeneous effective response due to stronger inter-element coupling and medium homogenization. This work confirms that the diamond-shaped resonator can act as a versatile dispersive metamaterial suitable for wave manipulation and UWB electromagnetic engineering.

Keywords


Double-negative; epsilon-near-zero; metamaterial; split ring resonator; ultra-wideband

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.22.3.213-220

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