Indonesian Physics Communication
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI
<p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td>Journal Title</td><td>:<strong> <strong><strong>Indonesia</strong>n Physics <strong>Communication</strong></strong></strong></td></tr><tr><td>Other names</td><td>:<strong> <strong>Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia (KFI), formerly</strong></strong></td></tr><tr><td>e-ISSN</td><td><span>: 2579-521X</span> [<a href="http://issn.pdii.lipi.go.id/issn.cgi?daftar&1490260721&1&&" target="_blank">LIPI</a>] [<a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2579-521X" target="_blank">ISSN Portal</a>]</td></tr><tr><td>p-ISSN</td><td><span>: 1412-2960</span> [<a href="http://issn.pdii.lipi.go.id/issn.cgi?daftar&1180429412&1&&" target="_blank">LIPI</a>] [<a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1412-2960" target="_blank">ISSN Portal</a>]</td></tr><tr><td>Frequencies</td><td>: March, July, & November (Before 2020: April & October)</td></tr><tr><td>Organizer & Publisher</td><td>: <a href="https://fisika.fmipa.unri.ac.id/" target="_blank">Department of Physics, FMIPA Universitas Riau</a></td></tr><tr><td>DOI</td><td>: 10.31258/jkfi</td></tr><tr><td>OAI</td><td>: <a href="/index.php/JKFI/oai" target="_blank">https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/oai </a></td></tr><tr><td>Scope</td><td>: Physical Sciences and Astronomy (Miscellaneous)</td></tr><tr><td>Language</td><td>: Indonesian and English (Preferred)</td></tr><tr><td>Contact</td><td>: kfi@ejournal.unri.ac.id</td></tr><tr><td>Citation Analysis</td><td>: <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=09z5WPMAAAAJ&hl=en" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a>, <a href="https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?search_mode=content&or_facet_source_title=jour.1390937&from_ui=yes" target="_blank">Dimension</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p><strong><strong>Indonesia</strong>n Physics <strong>Communication (IPC / ISO Abbr.: Ind. Phy. Comm.), </strong></strong>formerly known as<strong><strong> </strong></strong>Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia (KFI), is a peer-reviewed journal on physical science organized and published by the Department of Physics Universitas Riau and supported by Faculty Mathematic and Natural Science UNRI and LPPM UNRI. The journal also plans to collaborate with the Physical Society of Indonesia (PSI) of Riau Branch (<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lLIN8uQGhh4HmuRbDhIb3_-mcLEKy5-U/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">MoU</a>).</p><p>KFI firstly published a printed-based paper in 2002, twice a year in April and October, regularly. The online system was established in 2011 and followed by the publication of an online-articles version. Starting in 2020, KFI Journal publishes excellent scientific articles every three times a year, March, July, and November. KFI accepts original research or review articles in the fields of physics and astronomy, including, but not limited to, theoretical physics, geophysics, plasma, energy, optics and photonics, materials science and nanotechnology, instrumentation, electronics, astronomy, earth and planetary, and applied physics (application physics). We cordially invite researchers and academicians to publish their work in this journal. The author(s) can download the journal template <a title="Here" href="/index.php/JKFI/manager/files/TemplateKFI2020.docx" target="_self">here</a>.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------</strong></p><p><strong>Announcement:</strong></p><p>We are humbly to inform all our author(s) and readers that the published article in IPC from vol 14 no 1 of 2018, has been officially accredited by Sinta 4 based on the Decree of Kemenristek/BRIN No 200/M/KPT/2020. This certification is valid for 5 years. Currently, IPC's accreditation has been extended to 2027.</p><p> <img src="/public/site/images/rsyahputra/Srtf_KFI2.png" alt="" /></p><noscript>&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a href="http://www.supercounters.com/hitcounter"&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Free Hit Counter&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;</noscript><!-- END: Powered by Supercounters.com -->Universitas Riauen-USIndonesian Physics Communication1412-2960The copyright holder is the author(s)Laser as a tool to measure the diameter of goat hair (Capra aegagrus hircus)
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8079
Measuring the diameter of objects that have dimensions less than 1/100 mm has a high degree of difficulty. The use of a micrometer is still not able to make these measurements. One way that can be used is to use the concept of diffraction. The purpose of this study was to measure the diameter of goat hair using the concept of diffraction. The tools used are a laser with a red wavelength, a screen, support, and specimens of goat hair. Measurements were taken three times with results of 13.9 × 10<sup>-5</sup>, 11 × 10<sup>-5</sup>, and 8 × 10<sup>-5</sup> m. The diameter values obtained from this experiment are still within the diameter range of mammalian hair, which is on the order of 10<sup>-5</sup> m. Based on this experimental activity, it can also be seen that hair can be used to demonstrate the phenomenon of diffraction due to the characteristics of hair being filamentous and has a diameter close to the wavelength of light from a laser, so that it can produce a diffraction pattern when light is passed through the laser.Rani RahmawatiWidi KomariahHelmina PebriyantiDedeh SukmawatiSiti RusmiatiRetno NopitaEko Sujarwanto
Copyright (c) 2023 Rani Rahmawati, Widi Komariah, Helmina Pebriyanti, Dedeh Sukmawati, Siti Rusmiati, Retno Nopita, Eko Sujarwanto
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2024-03-072024-03-072111610.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pWhat substances do we inhale? - Air quality measurement using an Android-based application
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8083
Measurement of pollutants in the air is important because it’s related to health issues and environmental sustainability. This study aims to measure the concentration of pollutants in the air and learn in the environmental physics course. Measurements were carried out in 108 places with various characters in West Java Province i.e. factories, public facilities, highways, and residential. Measurements were made using the BreezoMeter application to measure the concentration of O<sub>3</sub>, CO, SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and PM<sub>10</sub>. In general, the results show that air quality is in a good category based on the air pollutant standard index. Although the air quality is in a good category in general, some places have the air quality in the unhealthy category. By knowing air quality, it is hoped that people will be more concerned about environmental sustainability and health.Endang SurahmanEko SujarwantoIrwan Muhammad Ridwan
Copyright (c) 2023 Endang Surahman, Eko Sujarwanto, Irwan Muhammad Ridwan
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2024-03-072024-03-0721171210.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pEffectiveness of adding ZnO thin films to metamaterial structures as sensors
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8108
Metamaterials are artificial materials with the characteristics of a negative refractive index and high resonance sensitivity. Advanced engineering in metamaterials can realize great potential in combination with zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconductor materials, which can increase the efficiency of sensor technology compared to other conventional material models. This research aims to investigate the optical properties and develop an invention for a hybrid sensor media based on a split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial structure integrated with a thin layer of ZnO. The research methodology was carried out by simulation by designing and characterizing SRR metamaterials which were designed with variations in SRR patterns, geometry, substrate materials, unit cell configurations, and variations in the thickness of the ZnO thin layer. Geometry characterization of SRR metamaterials was carried out using the Nicolson-Ross-Weir electromagnetic (EM) field function approach, specifically the optical parameters permittivity, permeability, and refractive index. They are optimizing the performance of hybrid sensor components based on metamaterials and ZnO thin films using the GHz scale EM field function approach, especially in the reflection, transmission, and absorption spectrum. Analysis of metamaterial characteristics identifies the optical properties of permittivity, permeability, and negative refractive index which are increased and optimized from the thin layer integration model 200 nm thick ZnO in the SRR metamaterial structure with a 3×3 square pattern configuration at a resonance frequency of 1.889 GHz. The performance of the hybrid sensor media provides a resonant frequency of three equal bandwidths in the frequency range 2.89 – 3.52, 5.28 – 6.54, and 7.57 – 8.46 GHz. In addition, the highest absorption spectrum of 73% is at a frequency of ~8 GHz.Saktioto SaktiotoYan SoerbaktiAri Sulistyo RiniBudi AstutiErman TaerRahmondia Nanda SetiadiSyamsudhuha SyamsudhuhaSofia AnitaYolanda Rati
Copyright (c) 2023 Saktioto Saktioto, Yan Soerbakti, Ari Sulistyo Rini, Budi Astuti, Erman Taer, Rahmondia Nanda Setiadi, Syamsudhuha Syamsudhuha, Sofia Anita, Yolanda Rati
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2024-03-072024-03-07211132410.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pComparison of measuring the noise level of glass wool soundproofing material using a sound level meter and the KY-037 noise measuring instrument
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8081
The problem that people often face, both at home and in public places, is noise that disturbs concentration and comfort. Noise can be measured by sound level measurement, namely by measuring the intensity or loudness of sound in hertz and sound waves in decibels (dB). Then noise can be reduced by materials that can absorb sound, one of which is glass wool. The purpose of this research is to make a noise-measuring instrument, find out the effectiveness of damping materials, and compare the results of measuring noise levels. The measuring instrument for noise in this study is the sound level meter (SLM) using a KY-037 sound sensor programmed with Arduino Uno as a microcontroller. The results of noise measurements using a factory standard SLM and noise measurement tool KY-037 obtained an average factory standard SLM measurement of 72.23 dB and the average measurement of the KY-037 noise meter is 67.67 dB. From the measurement results with the two tools, the difference in comparison is 4.56 dB with a percent deviation of 6,33%. Then the results of testing the glasswool sound-dampening material with a comparison of the two measuring devices obtained that each sound intensity absorption was 17.9 – 28.5 dB and the effectiveness of the reduction was 21.8% – 34.9%.Indah Pratiwi TanjungMasthura MasthuraNazaruddin Nasution
Copyright (c) 2023 Indah Pratiwi Tanjung
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2024-03-082024-03-08211253210.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pIoT-based noise measuring tool with FC-04 sound sensor for polyurethane dampening materials
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8080
Increased noise caused by human and industrial activities can cause health problems, such as stress, affecting sleep quality, and having negative effects on long-term health, usually such as hearing problems, high blood pressure, and depression. This study aims to make a noise-measuring instrument, examine the comparison of the results of sound intensity level measurements, and examine the damping ability of polyurethane. The sensor used in this study is the FC-04 sound sensor which functions as a sound intensity level meter that works by changing the sound scale to an electrical quantity. The data that has been obtained is a comparison of the measurement results using the factory standard sound level meter (SLM) and an artificial noise measuring instrument which is analyzed using the calculation of the percent deviation. As for the measurement data of the damper material polyurethane before and after, analyzed using reduction effectiveness calculations. The results of measuring the sound intensity level using the factory standard SLM and an artificial noise meter obtained an average value of the sound intensity level of 72.67 dB and 67.77 dB. From the results of the two measuring instruments, the percentage deviation of the measuring instrument is 6.7% with minimum and maximum percentage deviation values of 3.1% and 11.7%. The results of the measurement of the reduction effectiveness value of the damper material polyurethane using factory standard SLM and artificial noise measurement tools of 14.7% and 14.8%.Vicha IndrianyMasthura MasthuraNazaruddin Nasution
Copyright (c) 2023 Vicha Indriany
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2024-03-132024-03-13211334010.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pEffect of calorific value on the burning rate of coconut shell briquettes and teak wood powder
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8085
Biomass energy can be utilized inside, particularly in coconut shells with pine gum and teak sawdust as an elective fuel that is harmless to the ecosystem. To deliver charcoal briquettes from teak wood sawdust and coconut shells, this study endeavored to decide the qualities, impacts, and structure of varieties in pine tar cement. Pine resin adhesive is mixed with teak sawdust and coconut shells in a ratio of 80% to 20%, with variations of 30%, 40%, and 50%. For briquettes, utilize a size of 5 × 5 × 5 cm<sup>3</sup>. The aftereffects of the briquette test which delivered ideal qualities were gotten in example C with a warming worth of 31.073l J/gram and a consuming pace of 1,3697 g/minute according to SNI-01-6235-2000 and close to standard.Nur Aisah SagalaEty JumiatiRidwan Yusuf Lubis
Copyright (c) 2023 nur aisah, nur aisah
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2024-03-132024-03-13211414410.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pDesign an automatic trash can using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8087
Garbage is one of the biggest problems faced by many cities in the world, the lack of awareness to dispose of waste in its place causes waste to scatter and pollute the surrounding environment. This research aims to design an automatic trash bin based on the Arduino microcontroller and to find out how the automatic trash can works with the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The design of this system uses Arduino Uno. The results of the input and output tests show that the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor has a low error rate of 1.2% at a distance of 25 cm and a high of 6% at a distance of 10 cm. The trash can opens the lid automatically at > 30 cm to detect the capacity of waste that has been disposed of into the trash container with a height of 20 cm., the proximity sensor will detect the type of waste being disposed of, and the LCD will display the type of waste that will be disposed of and the servo motor will activate the mechanical system of this device. If the trash can is full, a warning will be sent via the buzzer and the SIM800L GSM module via SMS. The working system of the automatic trash can as a whole can work well according to the design that has been made.Anggi Kumala DwiMulkan Iskandar NasutionNazaruddin Nasution
Copyright (c) 2023 Anggi Kumala Dwi
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2024-03-272024-03-27211455010.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pAn internet of things-based monitoring system for agricultural land suitability for oil palm planting
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8088
Oil palm is the most productive type of plant in producing vegetable oil. The development of the industrial revolution led to an explosion in demand for vegetable oil so palm oil was a major contributor to the country's foreign exchange. Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest oil palm plantations in the world. However, the yields produced are still not optimal due to several factors, namely the condition of soil pH, soil moisture, and the surrounding temperature. Soil contains nutrients such as nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) which oil palm plants need in certain amounts to grow. To find out the quality of the soil, several methods are carried out by taking a soil sample and using a soil pH meter, however, this method requires a long time and the measurement is only limited to measuring soil pH. This research produced a system for detecting soil pH, soil moisture, and temperature around the soil on an IoT-based land that will be planted with oil palm, as the controller is NodeMCU ESP32. This tool displays soil pH, soil moisture, and air temperature on the LCD screen and the Blynk application page so that it can be accessed anytime and anywhere. This will make it easier for oil palm farmers to obtain accurate information before planting oil palm on vacant land. After testing and data collection, the soil pH sensor has a good correlation with an error rate of 1.71%, soil moisture of 1.23%, and air temperature of 4.04%. So that this sensor can be implemented on vacant land before planting oil palm.Amriansyah SimatupangMulkan Iskandar NasutionMuhammad Nuh
Copyright (c) 2023 AMRIANSYAH ARS SIMATUPANG, muhammad mnuh nuh, mulkan iskandar nasution
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2024-03-282024-03-28211515810.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pFabrication of carbon electrodes from young coconut fiber by varying the carbonization temperature as a supercapacitor application
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8025
Supercapacitors an electrochemical energy storage devices that can provide a higher energy density than conventional dielectric capacitors. The most important component of a supercapacitor cell is the electrodes. In this study, the supercapacitor cell electrodes used are based on young coconut fiber with carbonization temperature variations of 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C. The pre-carbonization process is operated using a temperature of 200°C for 90 minutes, chemical activation using an activating agent ZnCl<sub>2</sub> 0.5 M, carbonization using N<sub>2</sub> gas at various temperatures, and physical activation using CO<sub>2</sub> gas at 800°C. The highest density value is the CNL-600 sample with a density loss percentage value of 50.96%. Analysis of electrochemical properties showed that samples with a carbonization temperature of 600°C had the highest specific capacitance values, namely 190.3 F/g using the CV method. This shows that the best sample is the sample with a carbonization temperature of 600°C.Sri Ulina Karo SekaliAwitdrus Awitdrus
Copyright (c) 2023 Sri Ulina Karo Sekali, Awitdrus Awitdrus
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2023-12-132023-12-1321110.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pIdentify coal distribution based on resistivity values using the Wenner configuration geoelectric method in Petai Village, Singingi Hilir District, Kuantan Singingi Regency
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8055
Research has been conducted on the distribution of coal using the Wenner configuration electric resistivity method. This research was conducted in Petai Village, Singingi Hilir District, Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province. Data were collected using a resistivity meter. The data obtained are current data and potential differences. Data processing using Res2dinv software whose result is in the form of resistivity of subsurface 2D images. The resistivity value of rocks on track 1 ranges from 28 – 23,584 Ωm with a depth of up to 12.4 meters. The resulting layers on track one include sand, sandstone, and conglomerate rocks. The resistivity values of the second trajectory range from 12.2 – 17,447 Ωm with a depth of up to 12.4 meters. The first layer has resistivity values ranging from 12.2 – 97.4 Ωm identifying the presence of sand. A second layer with resistivity values ranging from 97.4 – 275 Ωm identified the presence of anthracite-grade coal. A third layer with a resistivity value of 776 – 2,191 Ωm identified the presence of sandstone. A fourth layer with resistivity values 6,182 – 17,447 identified the presence of conglomerate rocks. The result of the interpretation of tracks one and two is that the distribution of coal is found on the second trajectory with a distribution pattern to the east. The distribution of coal spreads laterally on the trajectory of two research sites.Hijrah Septia AnisaUsman MalikKrisman SabarSherly Mutiara
Copyright (c) 2023 Hijrah Septia Anisa, Usman Malik, Krisman Sabar
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2023-12-132023-12-1321110.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pAnalysis of temperature patterns in Pekanbaru City using fractals and artificial neural networks based on monthly temperature data
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8082
<p><em>Climate and global warming play a crucial role in the lives of living organisms on Earth. Temperature, varying in each region, is a vital aspect in climate observation. This study analyzed temperature fluctuations in Pekanbaru from 2016 to 2022 using fractal analysis and Backpropagation artificial neural networks. The research findings revealed that temperature prediction with Backpropagation artificial neural networks was quite accurate. However, errors during testing or validation could impact the comparison with the target values. Fractal analysis indicated a persistence tendency in temperature fluctuations in Pekanbaru, with a Hurst exponent of 0.7993 and a fractal dimension of 1.2007. Nevertheless, temperature fluctuations were also influenced by other factors, leading to varying levels of stability over certain periods. Thus, temperature in Pekanbaru can be considered a complex system with diverse fluctuation patterns and varying levels of complexity.</em></p>Reynal Nur RazzaqDefrianto Defrianto
Copyright (c) 2024 Reynal Nur Razzaq, Defrianto Defrianto
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2024-01-252024-01-2521110.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pInternet of things-based human temperature and heart rate monitoring tool using Blynk
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8086
The purpose of this study is to design and demonstrate how the Internet of Things-based human temperature and heart rate monitoring tool works using blynk. The process of making a temperature and human heart rate monitoring tool based on the Internet of Things begins with hardware design by connecting all components, namely, NodeMCU ESP8266, Base Board, Mlx90614, Max30100, Oled, Led, and Buzzer followed by software design on Arduino software and blynk application whose measurement results will be compared with the actual tool that is often used. This study uses 3 different objects that are measured 3 times for each object. With an average error percentage of 0.91% for body temperature and 2.90% for heart rate. After going through the process of hardware design and software design, it has succeeded in designing a temperature and human heart rate monitoring tool that can be monitored remotely using the blynk application and has been functioning properly and working according to its function.<br /><em></em>Rajai SitorusMasthura MasthuraMulkan Iskandar Nasution
Copyright (c) 2023 Rajai Sitorus
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2023-12-132023-12-1321110.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pMorphology test of activated charcoal from oil palm fronds with activator and NaO
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8091
<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Activated charcoal has been investigated by utilizing oil palm fronds using the addition of NaOH and H2SO4 activators. The purpose of this study was to determine the microstructure of the effect of activated charcoal using NaOH and H2SO4 activator at a carbonization temperature of 500℃ for 60 minutes. The method used in this research is a method with a quantitative approach. The characterization used was Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine the surface morphology of activated charcoal. The results of the tests carried out for the H2SO4 and NaOH activators showed that the best results were found in the NaOH activator which had larger pores than the H2SO4 activator, with a particle diameter size range of 0.432 µm – 1.564 µm which was analyzed using Software Digimizer.</p>Debby MarantikaMasthura MasthuraRatni Sirait
Copyright (c) 2023 Debby Maran Tika
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2023-12-132023-12-1321110.31258/jkfi.21.1.%pClassification of maturity levels of oil palm fresh fruit bunches using LED-based multispectral imaging methods and principal component analysis
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8106
Multi spectral imaging (MSI) is one of optical methods used for the classification of fruits and vegetables based on ripeness levels. MSI is simpler than hyperspectral imaging (HIS) due to less wavelength bands used hence less processing time. In this study, MSI is used to classify the ripeness of oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB). The MSI system consists of three main components, namely a VIS-NIR camera, camera lens, a led array, and a current control unit. The use of the LED array as a light source in the MSI system aims to minimize the use of bandwidth filters. The LEDs used are arranged in a circular pattern with 8 wavelengths, namely: 680nm, 700nm, 750nm, 780nm, 810nm, 850nm, 880nm, and 900nm. FFB samples were recorded using the MSI system and then processed using Python language to obtain relative reflectance intensity values. The purposes of this research are to analyze the relationship between relative reflectance intensity and wavelength and to classify the ripeness level of oil palm FFB using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We used two categories of ripeness, unripe and ripe FFBs.The results of the PCA analysis showed that the classification carried out was able to group into two levels of ripenesses with a total variant percentage value for PC1 and PC2 of 90.95%.Mohammad Fisal RabinMinarni MinarniRahmondia Nanda SetiadiIhsan Okta HarmaililRamdani RamdaniDedi Permana
Copyright (c) 2023 Juandi Muhammad
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2023-12-132023-12-1321110.31258/jkfi.20.3.%pPotential of palm frond waste as a basic material for making porous activated carbon
https://kfi.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JKFI/article/view/8109
Palm frond waste (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) has been successfully processed as a raw material in the manufacture of porous activated carbon through the development of tools and methods. Preparation of raw materials, drying, pre-carbonization using an energy-efficient furnace, washing, integrated pyrolysis (N2/H2O), neutralization, and conversion of carbon powder into monolith coins are the general steps for making porous activated carbon. The focus of this research lies in increasing the production of activated carbon from a laboratory scale to an industrial scale through efficiency in all aspects of production. Precarbonization and pyrolysis are important stages in increasing the scale of activated carbon production. Currently, the conversion of biomass waste into carbon is still on a laboratory scale, namely by using an electric oven which is not time efficient, not economical and not energy efficient. Increasing the scale of pre-carbonization is carried out by replacing the use of electric ovens with modified energy-saving furnaces that can increase carbon production up to 74% in a very efficient time. Furthermore, the physical activation stage (pyrolysis) is carried out in a water vapor (H2O) environment and without the addition of chemicals as activating agents, of course it is more economical and environmentally friendly. This scale-up is the main key in the development of porous carbon which has high potential for application as a component in energy storage devices, namely electrodes in supercapacitors. Through these results it is known that the fronds of palm leaves have great potential as a basic material for making sustainable activated carbon to be forwarded to an industrial scale.Novi YantiPharada KresnaMuhammad NasirRakhmawati FarmaLilik Tri HardantoRika TaslimErman Taer
Copyright (c) 2023 Novi Yanti, Pharada Kresna, Muhammad Nasir, Rakhmawati Farma, Lilik Tri Hardanto, Rika Taslim, Erman Taer
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
2023-12-132023-12-1321110.31258/jkfi.21.1.%p